Sudoku with a Selfie Stick

(English version below)

 

Lass Dich nicht vom süssen Bild in die Irre führen, hier geht es wirklich um Sudoku. Um Lösungsmethoden.

Die Suche nach dem xy-wing ist das Erste was ich anfange, wenn mit „normalen“ Mitteln nichts mehr geht.

Es ist ja ein wirklich auffälliges Muster: drei Kästchen mit jeweils zwei Ziffern. Das ist leicht zu erkennen und auch mit hoher Sicherheit: wenn ich einmal durch bin, von oben nach unten, dann hab ich entweder einen gefunden oder es ist eben keiner drin.

Ärgerlich sind dabei nur die Fälle wo der „wing“ zwar da ist, aber nichts beflügelt. Total nutzlos. Weil die Kästchen, die von den beiden Flügelspitzen gesehen werden können, die gemeinsame Zahl nicht enthalten.

Ein bisschen so, wie wenn du mit dem smartphone ein selfie von dir mit deinen Freunden machen willst: die Kamera wäre ja vorhanden, aber der Arm ist zu kurz und es passen nicht alle drauf. Die Lösung ist einfach: wenn dein Blickfeld zu klein ist, dann brauchst du eine Verlängerung – den Selfie-Stick !

Im Herbst 2007 hat mich der user re’born auf dailysudoku.com mit dem Konzept bekanntgemacht, das Ende eines xy-wings noch ein Stück weiter zu „transportieren“ und damit einen bisher nutzlosen wing noch produktiv einzusetzen. Seither nutze ich diese Technik immer wieder mit Erfolg, um in den „very hard“ oder „advanced“ wesentlich schneller und mit viel weniger Mühe ans Ziel zu kommen. Manchmal werden dadurch einige ganz schwere Rätsel für Frühstücks-Sudoku-Löser wie mich überhaupt erst lösbar.

Wie die Methode geht, erklärt Keith in diesem Beitrag im Yin-Yang Blog, der dafür nötige Zusatzaufwand ist minimal: immer wenn du einen xy-wing gefunden hast, der nichts „hergibt“, schau ob du mit einer kleinen Verlängerung (eben so etwas wie einem Selfie Stick) nicht doch zum Ziel kommst.

Ein schönes Beispiel ist das „Für Meister“ vom 12.1.2017. Nach den Basistechniken finden sich schon in den ersten paar Zeilen (gleich mehrere) „nutzlose“ xy-wings, die durch Verlängerung direkt zum Ziel führen. Wenn du dir das live ansehen willst, dann folge dem Link zum Sudok-o-Rama vom 12.1.2017. Klicke dort auf den Erste-Hilfe-Koffer rechts oben, der dich zum Helfer führt. Um schneller durch die Basisschritte zu eilen, wähle die Aktion AUTOMATIK und drück auf den „Los!“ Knopf. Um die verfügbaren „Spezial Methoden“ zu sehen, noch einmal „Los!“ und du kannst dir jeden möglichen Schritt einzeln anzeigen lassen.

„Helmut’s Sudoku Helfer“ kennt diese Methode seit Anfang 2017, und ab März werden einige der „Sehr Schwer“ im Sudok-o-Rama nicht mehr ohne diese Technik (oder noch aufwendigere) zu lösen sein.

Viel Spass !

English version:

Selfies are fun, so is Sudoku. But – Sudoku with a Selfie ???
This article is indeed about Sudoku, in particular about some really frustrating Wings.

When I solve a very hard Sudoku, usually the first thing I do after basics is to look for XY-Wings. The pattern is very easy to spot, and after having searched the puzzle from top to bottom, I can be resonably sure that I did not miss any XY- or XYZ-Wings.

What I find truly frustrating, though, is to spot such a wing and then to realize that it yields – nothing! The pattern is there, but none of the cells that see both ends of the pincers contains the common candidate. The tool is there, but it does not grasp anything useful. You have the pincers, but nothing to pinch!

Just like trying to take a selfie of yourself and a group of friends and realizing that the group will not fit into the picture. The solution is quite simple: extend your reach !

It was in late 2007 that user re’born on dailysodoku.com introduced me to the concept of „transport“: to extend one (or both) ends of a „useless“ wing and find eliminations that were not possible with the original wing alone. I’ve used this method quite often to solve difficult puzzles, or simply to take a shortcut. The cost/benefit ratio is fantastic: a small extra effort of a few seconds can save you many minutes of tedious searching.

For those of you are not yet familiar with the technique, Keith has recently published an excellent article here on the the Yin-Yang Blog.

Late last year, I found some time to upgrade „Helmut’s Sudoku Helper“: the new 4.1 version will be able to spot the situations where „useless“ wings can be extended and made useful again. And, from March 2017, puzzles in the Sudok-o-Rama will be graded „Very Hard“ if they can be solved by this technique.

Even now, quite a few of the puzzles in the Sudok-o-Rama yield to the „Turbot Wing“.
Take, for example, the January 12th, 2017 „Advanced“ puzzle. After basics, there are a couple of „useless“ XY-Wings, that – when properly extended – solve the puzzle immediately.

I might add that even if you do have a useful wing, it becomes useless after you have made the available candidate eliminations. Don’t forget to use the Selfie Stick for a better view before moving on!

Enjoy!

Sudoku: Using Wing Pincers as a Link in a Skyscraper or Kite

For years now, some of us (Marty, Keith, and Helmut, et al) have been using “useless” or “flightless” wings as a link to make eliminations in more difficult puzzles.  We have all remarked on how useful and powerful the technique might be.

More recently, Helmut Saueregger (Nataraj) engaged me in a new discussion on this, and he has extended his Helmut’s Sudoku Helper (HSH) to find these things.  HSH is here:

http://www.saueregger.at/sudoku/HSH/HSH.htm (Note 1)

You should be looking at HSH V4.1 or greater.

For the following, we will use XY-wings as the example.  However, the same logic applies to W- and M-wings.

There are two requirements:

1. You know how to find Kites and Skyscrapers, which are collectively known as Turbot Fish (Note 2).

2. You know how to find an XY-wing.

(We also imply that you use pencil and paper to solve Sudoku for personal enjoyment. If you see Sudoku solving as a contest in computer software, please do not read further.)

The simple point here is that the pincers of a Wing can be one link of the two links that make up a Turbot pattern.

Here is an example (from Helmut):

+-------+-------+-------+
| 2 8 . | 1 . . | . . . |
| . 1 5 | 7 4 . | 6 8 . |
| . . . | . . . | 9 . . |
+-------+-------+-------+
| 5 . . | . 9 . | . . 8 |
| . . . | 4 . 2 | . . . |
| 1 . . | . 8 . | . . 4 |
+-------+-------+-------+
| . . 7 | . . . | . . . |
| . 9 2 | . 3 6 | 7 5 . |
| . . . | . . 4 | . 6 9 |
+-------+-------+-------+

After basics:

+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| 2     8     69    | 1     56    59    | 34    34    7     |
| 39    1     5     | 7     4     39    | 6     8     2     |
| 367   3467  346   | 23    26    8     | 9     1     5     |
+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| 5     23467 346   | 36    9     137   | 123   237   8     |
| 379   37    8     | 4     15    2     | 15    379   6     |
| 1     2367  369   | 356   8     357   | 235   2379  4     |
+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| 68    56    7     | 9     125   15    | 248   24    3     |
| 4     9     2     | 8     3     6     | 7     5     1     |
| 38    35    1     | 25    7     4     | 28    6     9     |
+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+

There is an XY-wing 2-35 in R9C4.  After that:

+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| 2     8     69    | 1     56    59    | 34    34    7     |
| 39#   1     5     | 7     4     39#   | 6     8     2     |
| 367   467   346   | 23@   26    8     | 9     1     5     |
+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| 5     23467 346   | 36    9     137   | 123   237   8     |
| 379   37    8     | 4     15    2     | 15    379   6     |
| 1     2367  369   | 356   8     357   | 235   2379  4     |
+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| 68    56    7     | 9     125   15    | 248   24    3     |
| 4     9     2     | 8     3     6     | 7     5     1     |
|-38    35@   1     | 25    7     4     | 28    6     9     |
+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+

It seems you now have to join the chain gang (Note 3). But, let’s look closer:
@@ are the Wing pincers.  One or both is 3.
## is a strong link on 3.  Together @@ and ## make a sort of Kite.
R9C1 is not 3, puzzle solved!
Note that there is also a flightless XY-wing 23-6 in R3C4 that takes out 6 in R4C3:

+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| 2     8     69#   | 1     56#   59    | 34    34    7     |
| 39    1     5     | 7     4     39    | 6     8     2     |
| 367   467   346   | 23    26@   8     | 9     1     5     |
+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| 5     23467 34-6  | 36@   9     137   | 123   237   8     |
| 379   37    8     | 4     15    2     | 15    379   6     |
| 1     2367  369   | 356   8     357   | 235   2379  4     |
+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| 68    56    7     | 9     125   15    | 248   24    3     |
| 4     9     2     | 8     3     6     | 7     5     1     |
| 38    35    1     | 25    7     4     | 28    6     9     |
+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+

How difficult is this?  I think it is quite easy.
Personally, after doing the basics, I check for strong links to find single-digit eliminations (usually Turbots, which are Skyscrapers and Kites). That is explained here:
http://forum.enjoysudoku.com/post247168.html#p247168
As a side benefit, this Turbot search is a check that you have done the basics correctly.
After that, I look for XY-, W- and M-wings (note 4). Even if these wings do not make eliminations by themselves (they are “flightless”), I now have all the information to find the “Turbot Wings” described here (Note 5).
So, I think this is not a very “advanced” technique. Actually, I think it simplifies the issue, by taking links found by multi-digit techniques back into the single-digit world.

Keith

  1. Notes:
    Helmut’s Sudoku Helper (HSH) is an interesting tool that allows you to explore paths through puzzles. It is not a Sudoku solver per se.
  2. If this is new to you, start with Havard’s excellent explanation: http://forum.enjoysudoku.com/strong-links-for-beginners-t3326.html
  3. See also http://hodoku.sourceforge.net/en/tech_sdp.php for more on Skyscrapers, Kites, and Turbots.
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBn5aIfZElE
    For more on M- and W-wings see: http://www.dailysudoku.co.uk/sudoku/forums/viewtopic.php?t=2143
  5. Names are an aid to communication, and I think the name “Turbot Wing” is appropriately descriptive of a Turbot where one of the two links comes from a Wing.